ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK OF PARKIA BIGLOBOSA ON WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS INFECTED WITH HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS
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Egg counts, , extract,, faecal,, goats, , phytochemicalsAbstract
The anthelmintic effects of stem bark extracts of Parkia biglobosa was evaluated on West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. The stem bark of the plant was obtained from Kwara state of Nigeria. The extraction was done and yielded Crude Methanol Stem Bark Extracts (CMSBE), Ethyl acetate (EA) fraction and Aqueous (AQ) fraction. The anthelmintic potentials were studied in vivo in 18 WAD goats in six completely randomised groups, A, B, C, D, E and F with three animals per group. Group A was treated with 5mL/kg of distilled water as negative control, group B with 6.25mg/kg of Albendazole (ABZ)(positive control), groups C and D with 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg of CMSBE respectively and groups E and F with 1000mg/kg of EA fraction and AQ fraction each respectively. Faecal samples were collected for two weeks after treatment to evaluate faecal egg counts. After 16th day, one animal was euthanized from each group to determined percentage deparasitization. The result from this study revealed that, the phytochemical constituents present in CMSBE were alkaloid, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, flavonoids, oils, phlobatannins, reducing sugar, saponins, sterols/steroids, tannin (condensed and hydrolysable) and terpenoids. In vivo result showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in egg per gram (EPG) faeces in group B, C, D and E when compared to group A, all at 16th day post-treatment. Group F showed less efficacy in EPG reduction. The deparasitisation obtained in groups D and E were higher than group B, though without statistical significant difference. The study has shown that, CMSBE and EA fraction of P. biglobosa exhibited in vivo anthelmintic activities at 2000mg/kg and 1000mg/kg respectively that are sufficiently comparable to ABZ, hence, have potentials as a novel anthelmintic ethnobotanic preparation for control of H. contortus in WAD goats. It is therefore recommended to carry out a further research on larger population size of goats.
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