Molecular detection of powdery mildew resistance genes in turkish bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71336/jabs.1588Keywords:
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fungus, powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) (Bgt), Pm genes, MAS (marker-assisted selection)Abstract
Global food security relies heavily on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the major meal of the world because it provides most people with energy and protein from plants. However, many biotic stress factors limit the amount of wheat available to the world. Most importantly, there are many kinds of fungi that infect wheat plants and cause loss in production. The fungal disease of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) (Bgt) is the most widespread fungal infection of wheat and is responsible for a large amount of yield loss. In this study, the aim was to identify Pm genes associated with resistance to Bgt in 32 registered bread wheat (T. Aestivum L.) varieties using molecular markers. Gradient PCR optimization was performed for the Pm8, Pm24, Pm34, and Pm41 primers; the appropriate annealing temperature was determined as 61 °C for Pm41 and 57 °C for Pm24, and these were used in subsequent analyses. Since the desired level of specific amplification could not be achieved with the Pm8 and Pm34 primers, these primers were not included in the screening analyses. A 1,690 bp target band corresponding to the Pm41 gene was detected in the Sivas 111/33, Sürak M. 1593/51, Haymana 79, Aksel 2000, Bayraktar 2000, Eser, Tosunbey, 4-22, P 8-8, and Melez genotypes. The 218-bp target band associated with the Pm24 gene was observed in the vast majority of the varieties examined, and it was determined that this gene region is more prevalent in the studied material than Pm41. Data show Pm24 and Pm41 molecular marker sites enable early detection of resistant varieties to powdery mildew via parental selection and/or use as sources for breeding in local/regional and comply with registered standards. From this research project results demonstrate that these two markers will help the efforts of developing pathogen-resistant wheat cultivars with the assistance of marker-based technologies.
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